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Step off the beaten track and into the heart of Central Asia, where ancient cities, spectacular landscapes, and rich traditions await in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan
Central Asia is a land that captivates all who venture into it, where history, culture, and nature intertwine in magical ways. From ancient Silk Road cities and natural wonders to majestic mountains and vibrant city centres, our newest tour through Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan, offers a deep dive into a region that remains largely off the beaten path and best explored with a depth that only a small-group experience can provide.
Why Visit the Five Stans?
The Five Stans offer a travel adventure that’s hard to find anywhere else – with cuisines as varied as Europe and natural beauty which rivals Canada and Alaska, there’s something magical about each stop. Whether you’re admiring the architectural masterpieces of Samarkand, experiencing the surreal burning crater in Turkmenistan, or basking in the tranquillity of Kyrgyzstan’s mountain ranges, the region’s rich history and natural beauty make it a destination that appeals to a wide range of interests.
Here’s a look at 10 wonders that await you.
1. Samarkand: A Glimpse at the Ancient Silk Road
Samarkand is one of those rare places where the past sits comfortably in the present. As a key stop on the Silk Road, the city is home to some of Central Asia’s most iconic landmarks. Registan Square, with its stunning madrasas (Islamic schools or religious institutions) adorned in blue tiles, transports you back to the golden age of the Timurids. The Guri Amir Complex, the final resting place of Timur is equally awe-inspiring, its intricate architecture standing as a testament to the power and vision of the great conqueror. As you explore Samarkand’s ancient streets and majestic mosques, you’ll get a firsthand look at the city’s rich cultural heritage and its enduring influence on the region.
2. Turkmenistan: The Fiery “Door to Hell”
In the Karakum Desert, you’ll find one of the world’s most bizarre natural phenomena: the Darvaza Gas Crater, often called the "Door to Hell." This vast pit, burning continuously since the 1970s, emits an otherworldly glow as it lights up the desert night. It’s an experience that feels more like a Hollywood set, and camping under the stars near the crater allows you to fully appreciate its fiery allure.
3. Khiva: An Open-Air Museum of Timeless Beauty
Khiva’s Ichan Kala, a UNESCO World Heritage site, offers a rare chance to experience a beautifully preserved ancient city. With its narrow streets, towering minarets, and grand palaces such as the Tash-Khauli Palace, Khiva feels like a step back in time. The city’s intricate mosaics and tranquil courtyards are a visual feast, and in exploring this living museum, you will discover the history behind the city’s role in the region.
4. Kyrgyzstan: The Majesty of the Mountains
Kyrgyzstan is a country defined by its striking landscapes. The Tien Shan mountains, with their snow-capped peaks and sweeping valleys, create one of the most dramatic and unspoiled environments in the world. In Naryn, a town located over 2,000 metres above sea level, you’ll have the chance to take in the surrounding beauty at your own pace. Whether you’re relaxing by a river, gazing at the towering peaks while trekking, the natural scenery here is enough to leave any city slicker in awe.
5. Fairytale Canyon: A Storybook Landscape
Located near Issyk-Kul Lake in Kyrgyzstan, Fairytale Canyon is a surreal and colourful landscape that lives up to its name. The canyon’s rock formations, which have been shaped by wind and water over thousands of years, are vividly coloured in shades of red, orange, and yellow, creating a scene worthy of a storybook. A visit to this stunning natural wonder is the perfect way to experience the rugged beauty of Kyrgyzstan in a completely different way.
6. Seven Lakes: A Tranquil Escape in the Fann Mountains
Tucked away in the Fann Mountains of Tajikistan, the Seven Lakes are a breathtaking series of alpine lakes known for their vivid colours and views for days. Each lake is set in a picturesque valley, surrounded by snowy peaks and greenery. Hiking between the lakes provides a rare chance to experience Tajikistan’s untouched beauty, and the peaceful surroundings make it an ideal place for reflection and relaxation.
7. Dushanbe: Tajikistan’s Peaceful Capital
Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, is a city that blends Soviet-era architecture while fast forwarding into its new (high tech) future. Major attractions you’ll see include the National Museum of Tajikistan, which houses artifacts from the country’s rich history, the Botanical Garden, and colourful Oriental Bazaar. Dushanbe provides a modern contrast to the more ancient cities you’ll visit in the region.
8. Almaty: A Modern Hub with a Rich Heritage
Almaty, Kazakhstan’s largest city, was the former capital and rather effortlessly (and impressively) combines its Soviet-era architecture with its shiny new developments. The city’s Panfilov Park, with its century-old trees, offers a welcomed pause, and Zenkov Cathedral, a stunning wooden structure, is one of the tallest in the world. Almaty’s lively streets, bustling markets, and diverse cultural scenes uncover a city that is both proud of its history and forward looking. Set against the backdrop of the Tien Shan mountains, Almaty offers a dynamic, cosmopolitan atmosphere which you’ll undoubtedly welcome.
9. Khujand: A Historic Gateway to Central Asia
Khujand, located in northern Tajikistan, is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia and has long been an important trade and cultural centre. Its location along the Syr-Darya River has made it a key point of connection between Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. The city’s historical significance is reflected in sites such as the Khujand Fortress and the beautiful Mosque of Sheikh Muslihiddin. Today, Khujand retains its traditional charm while hurling towards modern life.
10. Burana Tower & Balasagun: The Legacy of the Kara-Khanid Empire
The ancient city of Balasagun and the towering Burana Tower are two of the most significant historical sites in Kyrgyzstan, and they offer a deep dive into the country’s Islamic heritage. Located near Bishkek, Balasagun was once a thriving capital of the Kara-Khanid dynasty and a key stop along the Silk Road. Today, little remains of the city itself, but the Burana Tower, an impressive 11th-century minaret, still stands tall.
Travel Tips for Central Asia
Weather
Central Asia’s climate can be unpredictable. Days can be hot and dry in the desert, while mountain regions can be cool, especially in the evenings. Be sure to pack layers and prepare for a variety of conditions. Learn more about the best time to visit Central Asia here.
Cuisine
Central Asian food is hearty and flavourful, with dishes centred around rice, bread, and meat. Be sure to try Turkmenistan’s manti or manty (dumplings) and shashlik (marinated meat skewers), to really immerse yourself in the region’s food culture. Learn more about Turkmenistan’s must-eat dishes here.
Cultural Etiquette
While each country in Central Asia is diverse, being mindful of local customs, particularly when visiting religious sites, is a common thread. Dressing modestly and greeting locals with a simple "hello" in the local language will undoubtedly put a smile on everyone’s face.
Photography
As you’d expect, stunning photography ops abound in Central Asia, but it’s important to always ask permission before taking photos of people, especially in rural areas or religious locations, instead of just snapping away as you might in other parts of the world where group tourism is the norm.
Inspired to travel to Central Asia? Check out our latest tour, 22 Day Five Stans Unveiled, which visits Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.